Desrances was born in Africa and brought to Saint-Domingue as a slave who had shortly afterward escaped for the mountains to join the maroon bands. He had mixed loyalties throughout his lifetime. At the time of the Civil War of Knives, Desrances was loyal to André Rigaud in his battle against Toussaint Louverture and was one of the few black officers in the predominantly mulatto Rigaud-loyal army.
After Rigaud's defeat by Louverture, Desrances accumulated power and mobilized the maroon warriors in the mountains surrounding Port-au-Prince and Saint Marc. Following the French invasion, he changed his loyalty to the French under Général Pampile de Lacroix to fight against Dessalines' forces, defeating Dessalines’ army at the outskirts of Port-Républicain and forcing his retreat, a victory that finally convinced Toussaint to surrender to the French and seek retirement before his arrest, deportation, imprisonment, and subsequent death in France. Dessalines had made good on his word to kill Desrances by 1803.